የፍትሐዊ ውሳኔ አሰጣጥ መርሆች።

 

                        የፍትሐዊ ውሳኔ አሰጣጥ መርሆዎች 

ከስነ ስርዓት አካሄድ አንጻር ውሳኔ ሰጪ የሆነ የመንግስት አካል በቅን ልቦና ተመርቶ አድሎአዊ ያልሆነ ውሳኔ መስጠትና ከሁሉም በላይ በውሳኔው መብቱ ወይም ጥቅሙ ሊነካ ለሚችል ለማንኛውም ግለሰብ ከውሳኔው በፊት የመሰማት መብቱን ሊጠብቅለት ይገባል፡፡የአስተዳደር ውሳኔ ፍትሐዊነት በዋነኛነት ሁለት መሰረታዊ መርሆዎችን ያቅፋል፡፡ አንደኛው የመሰማት መብት ሲሆን (The right to fair hearing) በላቲን audi alteram partem ተብሎ ሲጠራ አንዳንዴ ‘ተቃራኒውን ወገን ሰማው’ ወይም ‘ማንም ሰው መከላከያው ሳይሰማ እርምጃ ሊወሰድበት አይገባም’ (no one should be condemned unheard) በሚል ይገለጻል፡፡

ሁለተኛው የኢ-አድሎአዊነት መርህ (The rale against bias) ነው፡፡ በላቲን nemo judex in causa sua የሚለውን የህግ አባባል / legal maxim/ ይወክላል፡፡ ወደ አማርኛው ስንመልሰው ‘አንድ ሰው በራሱ ጉዳይ ራሱ ዳኛ ሊሆን አይገባም’ የሚል መልዕክት አለው ^b በእንግሊዝ እነዚህ ሁለት መርሆዎች ‘የተፈጥሮ ፍትሕ’ የሚባለውን በዳኞች የዳበረ ፅንሰ ሀሳብ የሚወክሉ ሲሆን የህጉ የመሰረት ድንጋይ ተደርገው ይቆጠራሉ፡፡